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 Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers and related structures: Controlled synthesis and directed assembly

The following article appeared in J. Appl. Phys. 97, 041301 (2005) and may be found at (URL/link for published article abstract).

(full text pdf)

Copyright (2005) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics.

A. V. Melechko
Molecular-Scale Engineering and Nanoscale Technologies Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS 6006, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6006 and Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2200
V. I. Merkulov and T. E. McKnight
Molecular-Scale Engineering and Nanoscale Technologies Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS 6006, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6006
M. A. Guillorn
Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2000
K. L. Klein
Molecular-Scale Engineering and Nanoscale Technologies Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS 6006, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6006 and Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2200
D. H. Lowndes
Thin Film and Nanostructured Materials Physics Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056 and Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056
M. L. Simpson
Molecular-Scale Engineering and Nanoscale Technologies Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS 6006, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6006, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2200, and Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6056

 

(Received 10 September 2004; accepted 17 December 2004; published online 3 February 2005)

The controlled synthesis of materials by methods that permit their assembly into functional nanoscale structures lies at the crux of the emerging field of nanotechnology. Although only one of several materials families is of interest, carbon-based nanostructured materials continue to attract a disproportionate share of research effort, in part because of their wide-ranging properties. Additionally, developments of the past decade in the controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers have opened additional possibilities for their use as functional elements in numerous applications. Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) are a subclass of carbon nanostructured materials that can be produced with a high degree of control using catalytic plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (C-PECVD). Using C-PECVD the location, diameter, length, shape, chemical composition, and orientation can be controlled during VACNF synthesis. Here we review the CVD and PECVD systems, growth control mechanisms, catalyst preparation, resultant carbon nanostructures, and VACNF properties. This is followed by a review of many of the application areas for carbon nanotubes and nanofibers including electron field-emission sources, electrochemical probes, functionalized sensor elements, scanning probe microscopy tips, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), hydrogen and charge storage, and catalyst support. We end by noting gaps in the understanding of VACNF growth mechanisms and the challenges remaining in the development of methods for an even more comprehensive control of the carbon nanofiber synthesis process. ©2005 American Institute of Physics


doi:10.1063/1.1857591
PACS: 81.05.Uw, 81.07.De, 81.16.Hc, 81.15.Gh, 79.70.+q, 61.46.+w, 68.65.-k, 52.77.-j, 85.85.+j, 85.35.Kt        Additional Information

View ISI's Web of Science data for this article: [ Source Abstract  | Related Articles  ]

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